US federal state (152,576 km 2 with 9,544,750 inhabitants in 2007), between the Appalachian chain and the Atlantic coast; capital Atlanta. The coasts are low, the marshy areas extended. Main rivers are the Savannah, the Chattahoochee and the Altamaha. The climate is subtropical near the coast, cooler in north. The rains are abundant; hurricanes along the coast and tornados inland are frequent. Main centers are Savannah, Columbus, Augusta and Macon. Agriculture is of essential importance (cotton, tobacco, fruit and peanuts). The breeding of poultry, pigs and cattle is remarkable. Mineral resources are modest. The textile, food, chemical and wood processing industries are widespread. Other production sectors include automotive, aeronautical and aerospace construction. The tertiary sector is also highly developed. Well equipped the network of communications. Tourism is also gaining momentum.
According to abbreviationfinder, Georgia derives its name from George II, king of England (1727-60); was the last British colony to be founded in America (1732) and the only one created by the direct initiative of the English government, which set it up as a defense against the Spaniards of Florida and the French of Louisiana. The war of independence found in Georgia supporters also in the government field, but only in 1780 the revolutionaries had the upper hand over the British army. In 1802 the territories located west of the Chattahoochee were ceded, which entered to constitute the new federal states of Alabama and Mississippi. Rebelling against the Union in 1861, Georgia participated from the beginning with the famous Georgia regiment Volunteers to the civil war, which had decisive phases there. In 1870 she was readmitted to join the Federal Congress.
According to countryaah, Georgia has the following main cities:
Atlanta
Capital of the state of Georgia (United States) and capital of the county of Fulton, located at 33 ° 45 ′ lat. north, and 84 ° 23 ′ long. west, 325 meters above sea level at the foot of the Blue Ridge, a short distance from the Chattahoochee River, one of the main waterways of the state, which springs from the southern slopes of the Alleghani Mountains.
It has an excellent climate: average annual temperature 15 °, 5; winter average 6 °, 5; summer average 25 °, with highs of 38 °. The average rainfall is 1300 mm., Distributed in each month of the year, with maximums in January, February, March: absolute maximum in March, with 150 mm.
The good geographical position, combined with the excellent climatic conditions, explains the very rapid development of the center. According to the 1920 census the city had 200,616 inhabitants, while in 1870 it counted only 2572, with an absolute increase in just 70 years of over 197,000 people: in 1860 it had 9,554 inhabitants, in 1870 or 21,789, in 1880, 37,409, in 1890, 65,533, in 1900, 89,872; in 1910 ‘154,839, with a relative increase, in the decade 1900-1910, of 72.3%. In the first two decades of the twentieth century alone, therefore, the population more than doubled, offering one of the most typical cases of extraordinary human densification (urbanism). In 1920 the ethnic composition of the center was as follows: 137,785 Whites, equal to about two thirds of the population (68.7%); and 62,796 Negri, equal to about one third (31.3%) . The presence of the large black contingent is noteworthy, which we explain by thinking of the economic-agricultural regime of the state, with the famous plantations and the consequent trafficking of the black element in the past centuries.
In 1919 the city had 503 factories with 15,739 workers; in 1914, 423 factories and 12,585 workers; in 1909, 483 factories and 12,302 workers. The main forms of activity are represented by the metallurgical industry, the publishing industry, the textile industry (cotton mills), wood, confectionery, which is one of the most profitable, etc. In 1920 the number of people employed in industries amounted to 27,500.
Considering the essentially agricultural conditions of the state, Atlanta also has great importance as a market: raw cotton, tobacco, wheat, live animals (horses and mules) are mainly traded there; characteristic is the market of the latter, for which the city holds the second place among all the United States. In 1920 the people employed in transport were 10,415, in commerce 16,500. The city is united by means of numerous railways with all the centers of the state.
Topographically it does not differ much from the other American sisters, who have had a very rapid population increase, and consequently an adequate building development: the whole of the center brings us back to the Roman grid, with the wide, very long eastern streets of the central station (the West Nelson Station), whose arteries are differently oriented. There is an abundance of gardens, the most famous of which are the Grant and Piedmont Parks. In the latter there was the exhibition of 1895.
The city is a notable center of study: it has Atlanta University, founded in 1869, Clark University, founded in 1870, Georgia School of Technology (1888), Morehouse (1867), Morris Brown University (1885), Oglethorpe University, founded in 1913; Atlanta Baptist College, founded in 1867; it also has a public library with 100,000 volumes.
History
Atlanta was, it can be said, an arbitrary creation. The site was designated on paper in 1837 as the end of a new railway (the Georgia Railroad : hence the first name of the city, Terminus), which was to stretch along the Savannah River to the mountains (the so-called Blue Chain). Speculators immediately flocked to what is almost the geographical center of the historic American South and the idea was very fortunate. Headquarters, since 1868, of the state bureaucracy, Atlanta has also become the center of commercial agencies of all kinds. Atlanta’s strategic importance as a railroad and commercial distribution center was recognized early in the Civil War. The feds arrived there, after a brilliant campaign, in July 1864, and laid siege to it until surrender in September. Completely destroyed the city with its ammunition factories, General Sherman began his famous “march to the sea”, a campaign of merciless devastation that dealt a fatal blow to the power of the secessionists. Atlanta Constitution is one of the few major newspapers of American national importance that exist outside of New York.
